Exercise programs for arthritic dogs

Arthritic dogs can greatly benefit from specialised management of several lifestyle factors, particularly a well-tailored exercise program. Exercise increases function in many bodily systems such as cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological by providing richly oxygenated blood circulation throughout the body. This is vital too for cell repair and reproduction in muscle, tendon, ligament and joint structures. For dogs with limited mobility due to osteoarthritis, it is important to assess their exercise needs carefully to ensure you are not exacerbating any inflammation.

Your veterinarian and/or a qualified animal physical therapist is the best place to start, to identify specific problem areas that may affect the intensity and duration of exercise your dog is capable of. MRI scans, ultrasounds and X-rays can indicate in detail any existing damage that may affect joint capacity, which is worthwhile monitoring at regular intervals to get an idea of progressive deterioration or changes. From here, you should be able to determine circumstantial factors in which your dog is likely to experience pain. No matter how big or small the changes are to your dog’s regime, they must always be introduced gradually and built up over time, with consistent monitoring for ongoing suitability.

Dogs with mild inflammation of the cartilage surface, typically would tolerate weight-bearing exercise better than dogs with severe inflammation. Weight bearing exercise refers to any activity conducted without suspension, so walking, running and associated movement on land. You can lessen the severity of impact for this type of motion by choosing flat and soft grassy surfaces, minimising sharp turning and discouraging play that can adrenalise and make your dog too excitable. Steep climbs, harsh terrain and stairs, will likely cause discomfort, so they are best avoided. It is best to determine prior to commencing, whether you able to maintain control of the dog’s movement on or off leash, and if you are in a public place, you must follow the local signage for guidelines of conduct.

Chronic and severe arthritis conditions are more difficult, as they may require the dog to minimise the impact of weight bearing on affected joints, wherever possible. However, there are other exercise outlets that cater for this kind of care. Purpose built dog hydrotherapy centres offer swimming and water treadmills, with the benefit of health professionals on-hand for guidance and support. You may even be able to replicate some of the exercises in your pool at home or at your local dog friendly beach or river – but it is best to seek approval from your vet and physio team, and of course from whoever is responsible for removing fur from the pool filter!